The Hall Of Fame For College Basketball - 1500 Words

The Hall of Fame for college basketball players was on the wall. It had just recently been updated after the Hall of Fame presentation of Saturday. I had just woken up feeling cold. I looked out the window of my dorm to see the dark, cloudy day outside with the rain pelting down on the window pane. I was still really tired after the late night of getting praised on my amazing basketball skills, finally I had been recognized and everyone was telling me that I needed to declare that I’m joining the NBA as soon as possible! I then declared for the NBA draft halfway through my season. The election for the new president was going on at that moment, but he wasn’t really interested in the elections, he heard on the radio what the soon to be president didn’t like and what he did. The main thing he heard though was that he didn’t like basketball, how could anyone not like basketball? How could I get rid of this new president to be? I looked up on the black market on the deep dark web for an assassin. There were a few ads in there for Hit man’s pest control and Hit man agent. I rang the Hit man agent and there was a muffled voice coming over the phone, I could barely understand him. I told him that I wanted the election to be stopped and the person who was winning the election to be killed, and cover up your tracks well! There was one thing I didn’t want to happen. I didn’t want to be arrested just as I was about to get into the NBA. No one would want me on their team when theyShow MoreRelatedDean Smith Essay1163 Words   |   5 Pagesmens college basketball. He is originally from Emporia, Kansas, Smith as been called a coaching legend by the Basketball Hall of Fame. Smith is best known for his successful 36-year coaching career at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Smith coached from 1961 to 1997 and retired as the NCAA Division I mens basketball record-holderfor victories (879), a record which was surpassed by Bobby Knightin 2007. Smith has the 9th highest winning percentage of any mens college basketball coach(77Read MoreJames Naismith And The Creation Of Basketball1093 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness English 9 October 2017 James Naismith and the Creation of Basketball In 1891, Dr. James Naismith was teaching at a local YMCA when he came up with a game that could be played inside during the Winter (Laughead). The game that Naismith created would later be known worldwide as â€Å"basketball.† This game has greatly influenced the sports industry with fans, players, and professional teams all over the world. 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Honor in Henry IV, Part One Essay - 2363 Words

Honor in Henry IV, Part One In Henry IV, Part One Shakespeare revels in the opportunity to suggest the idiosyncracy of character through his command of a wide range of both verse and prose. As a result the play is full of rich and different character parts (Wells 141). Two in particular, Falstaff and Hotspur, hold diverse beliefs concerning the main theme of the drama, honor. In Shakespeare’s time, honor was defined as the special virtues which distinguish those of the nobility in the exercise of their vocation–gallantry in combat with a worthy foe, adherence to the accepted code of arms, and individual loyalty to friends, family, and comrades in arms (Prior 14). Throughout the play, honor plays an important role in†¦show more content†¦The King complains that ‘riot and dishonor’ stain the brow of his son whereas Hotspur is the theme of honor’s tongue (Wells 141). Henry uses the successes in war of Hotspur, Mars in swaddling clothes, as a rod for Prince Hal’s ba ck (Wells 143), accusing his son of being unfit to inherit the crown. To many critics, Hotspur is immensely attractive and rather comical in his impulsive impetuosity–he that kills some six or seven dozen Scots for breakfast, washes his hands, and says to his wife, ‘Fie upon this quiet life, I want work’ (2.5.102-6). Yet, this commitment to bright honor is a dangerous obsession preoccupying Hotspur so much that he is blind to all else. To Hotspur the more dangerous and perilous a situation, the more desire he has to throw himself helplessly into it. To him there are no consequences; he sees no danger. All Hotspur can see is the possibility of achieving great honors– Doomsday is near, die all, die merrily (4.1.134). Hotspur’s life is no more than a military commitment; he desires only to gain future glory, whether he wins or loses, lives or dies. For Hotspur, who glorifies the honor to be gained in battle against worthy foes, the more hazardous the enterprise, the greater the chance of gaining honor (Prior 14). This concept of honor contrasts greatly with that of Falstaff, a battered old soldier long turned against the nonsense of military glory, who wanders about the Shrewsbury battlefield with a bottle of sack, not a sword,Show MoreRelatedThe Concept of Honor in Henry IV, Part One Essay2355 Words   |  10 PagesShakespeare’s talent as both a writer and a poet lead to his gift for character development, down to the last detail. Henry IV, Part One contains a variety of deep characters, two of which play key roles in the evolution of the concept of honor in the play. Falstaff and Hotspur symbolize opposing viewpoints concerning the main theme of the play – honor. At the time the play was written, honor was defined as â€Å"the special virtues which distinguish those of the nobility in the exercise of their voc ation–gallantryRead MoreEssay on Comparing the Defective Rulers in Henry IV and Richard II836 Words   |  4 PagesDefective Rulers in Henry IV and Richard II      Ã‚   It has been shown again and again throughout history and literature that if there is a perfect human he is not also the perfect ruler.   Those traits which we hold as good, such as the following of some sort of moral code, interfere with the necessity of detachment in a ruler.   In both Henry IV and Richard II, Shakespeare explores what properties must be present in a good ruler.   Those who are imperfect morally, who take into account only self-interestRead MoreEssay on Honor in Prince Hal1001 Words   |  5 PagesHonor in Prince Hal Prince Hal’s destiny is shaped for him by many forces: his association with the neer-do-well Falstaff, the expectations of his father, King Henry IV, and the constant comparison between himself and Hotspur. All three of these forces create in Hal a sense of honor that is an integral part of his education as the ideal king, and throughout the action of Henry IV, Part I, Hal is gaining a knowledge of honor that will shape him into the King that he will become. However, itRead More Essay on Hotspur as Tragic Hero of Henry IV1322 Words   |  6 PagesTragic Hero of Henry IV       In Shakespeares Henry IV Part One, the characters many different conceptions of honor govern how they respond to situations.   Each characters conception of honor has a great impact on the characters standing after the play.   For instance, Falstaff survived because he dishonorably faked his own death, and his untrue claim that he was the one who killed Hotspur may get him a title and land.   On the other hand, Hotspur lies dead after losing a duel for honor.   HotspurRead MoreHonor in Henry Iv, Part I Ââ€" Falstaff vs. Hotspur1572 Words   |  7 PagesHonor In Henry IV, Part I Ââ€" Falstaff vs. Hotspur According to F. Scott Fitzgerald, The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposing ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function. Indeed, very few people have this quality, the playwright William Shakespeare being one of them. In many of his plays, Henry IV, Part One among them, Shakespeare juxtaposes different worldviews, ideologies, and even environments. His characters usually provide aRead MoreEssay on Honor in Henry IV1078 Words   |  5 PagesHonour in Henry IV Honor is one of those concepts that is seldom defined. One’s reputation is based on his or her honor, integrity, honesty, and purity. William Shakespeare’s Henry IV is a one of his many plays that deal with the varying ideas of honor, as well as issues of courage, loyalty, and ambition, interposing examples of dishonor, weakness, and the deceitful plots among both the drunkards and noblemen. Shakespeare utilizes suggestive metaphors to create illusions, imagery, and toRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1097 Words   |  5 PagesFather Figures in 1 Henry IV In William Shakespeare’s 1 Henry IV, Falstaff and King Henry IV share father-figure relationships with Henry â€Å"Hal,† Prince of Wales. The former, a drunk and cavalier knight, acts as a surrogate father to the prince, while the latter, a determined and distanced monarch, is his blood. Yet, who is the better father-figure to Hal? Although Falstaff and Prince Henry share a strong, quasi father-son relationship, the former’s manifestation of the tavern atmosphere, venalityRead MoreDeception By William Shakespeare s Play1743 Words   |  7 Pagess play 1 Henry IV, deception is a recurring theme. Main characters King Henry IV, Hotspur and Prince Hal deceived people to benefit themselves. Were these characters deceiving their subordinates to gain power or were their choices and actions political strategy geared toward gaining honor and maintaining the well-being of the nation? All three main characters deceive people to gain power which can be seen as an act of ma lice and disloyalty but also as a political strategy. King Henry deceives KingRead MoreShakespeares Henry IV on Film and Television1428 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeares Henry IV, Part I, young Prince Hal (or Harry) is regarded as a clown and a playboy by his father King Henry IV, who despairs that he will ever take his duties seriously, but in this the king turned out to be absolutely incorrect. Sir John Falstaff is portrayed a charming and humorous villain who treats Hal like a son, and from him the prince learns about the lives, feeling and humanity of the common people and the soldiers in his army, but he never accepts his corrupt and amoralRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Henry Iv 991 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare is one of the most widely known playwrights of history, and has been hailed for his plot structure and character development. An example of this being one of his most noticed and widely regarded characters in Henry IV Part 1, Falstaff. His character immediately gets the attention of the audience through his variance in personality from most others of his day and life style. Falstaff is an old, fat, disgraced knight and Hal’s partner in crime. He is always looking for a good time while

Principles of Logistics Management for Services- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePrinciples of Logistics Management for Goods and Services. Answer: Introduction Logistics management is a part of the Supply Chain Management, dealing in the planning, implementation and control of activities related to the forward and back flow of goods and services, with other relevant information from the delivery point to the point of consumption for meeting the needs and demands of the customers (Agus Shukri Hajinoor, 2012). Abbott, the manufacturing company of Singapore, considered for preparing this report mainly deals in developing locally manufactured nutritional products for babies to have a healthy start, manufacturing pharmaceutical products for aged adults to stay fit and energetic and produce diagnostic tools for the mass healthcare system in Singapore. Through this organization, how the logistics management interface with the different functional areas like, production, accounting, finance and marketing will be discussed and thereby an analysis will be carried out to determine the effectiveness of order cycle and inventory management (Christopher,2016). Then, based on the analysis, the necessary recommendations would be made by applying the relevant concepts and theories related to logistics. Thus, the report would conclude that for any manufacturing organization to succeed, logistics will have a significant role to play because no matter how the different departments of an organization carry out their duties, they would yield the desired results only if the activities get coordinated with the proper delivery of goods to the right kind of customers in the appropriate time (Dekker et al., 2013) Discussion All the areas work in-tandem with the logistics department and thereby increase the effectiveness of the organization as a whole. Now the report discusses about the possible areas of interface between logistics and the different functional areas like production, marketing, finance and accounting of Abbott. Production: An organizations production department is mainly concerned about converting the inputs into finished products, through a series of processes. In case of Abbott, who specializes in manufacturing nutritional and pharmaceutical products, production process would only be successful if the distribution network is strong with the help of an effective logistics department (Dyckhoff, Lackes Reese, 2013). The goods that are produced, if they dont get delivered in the same form to the right customer segments in the right time, then the whole purpose of getting the goods produced, goes in vain. As a result of which, the company can potentially suffer heavy losses. Production would only be meaningful, when the goods get passed on to the customers in a swift and efficient manner, without any loss of time (Fernie Sparks, 2014). Marketing: Marketing is a combination of many activities starting from identifying the four key components, Product, Price, Place and Promotion and thereby put emphasis on these four aspects. They help cite out the features of the products, their utilities, why should customers purchase the products and how do the products fulfill the customers needs and demands (Grant, 2012). Then the prices are strategically kept low initially in order to attract the attention of the customers and persuade them to buy the products. This pricing method is known as penetration pricing. Gradually when the products start getting good response from the customers side, the company adopts the strategy of price skimming, thereby increasing the prices to substantial levels for covering up the initial loss (Gunasekaran Spalanzani, 2012). Next comes, selection of the appropriate place to distribute the products. This where the role of logistics comes into play. For a company like Abbott, who deals in manufacturing of p harmaceutical products and other goods related to health, getting the products distributed through an efficient logistics department is a must (Nam et al., 2013). This helps to uphold the image of the organization which leads to strengthening of relationships with business partners, suppliers and retailers. Last but not the least, the process of marketing is incomplete without promotion. Organizations carry out many promotional campaigns to spread awareness about different kinds of products and thus help people to understand their utilities and effectiveness (Rushton, Croucher Baker, 2014). Success of any manufacturing company is firmly dependent on an effective logistics department. Finance Finance department forms an integral part of any organization. They deal in maintaining the accounts of the employees, look after their salary details, take care of the cost of procurement of materials, take into account the delivery charges charged by the logistics provider (Schnsleben, 2016). Here the role of purchasing manager becomes extremely important as he is the one, who handles the cost which the company incurs by paying the required amount to the ones getting the goods delivered to the suppliers. Finance department and logistics do not necessarily go hand in hand. On one side, where Finance is recognized as a controlling function, which does not believe in blocking cash through credit and inventory and speed up the process of process of recovery (Rushton, Croucher Baker, 2014). On the other hand, logistics always try to expand the business by providing more credit to customers and hold inventory to serve customers better. In case of Abbott, the companys finance department would help to cut down the inventory expense by lowering the rate of interest for storing, thus saving significant amount for the company (Seuring Gold, 2013). The emphasis on creating opportunities for the organization to save puts Finance in the forefront. Financial performance of any organization depends upon the ability to manage cash in a profitable manner. For the manufacturing organization Abbott, who deals in pharmaceutical products, economical logistics would work to the advantage for them. Timely delivery is critical but on-time delivery with less cost is always an ideal situation for the company (Schnsleben, 2016). Accounting The accounting side for any organization takes into account the amount which a company spends on warehousing and transportation and tries to cash on the opportunities for reducing costs through discounts or by persuading the organization to hire less expensive vendors for logistics. The logistics manager for Abbott can look to reduce the cost of storing the pharmaceutical goods, so that they are in a better position to tackle emergency situations, where there is heavy demand for goods from the customers (Stadtler, 2015). Keeping the accounts of the company will help keep track of the proceedings and thus control the expenses. Abbott, who is into manufacturing of pharmaceutical products for people of all ages, demand would always be on the higher side. So the important aspect for the company will be not only to keep sufficient stock of goods but also ensure that the products get delivered to the right customers in the right moment to meet their needs and requirements. Effectiveness Of The Order Cycle And Inventory Management The order cycle maintained by Abbott is an efficient one. Right from receiving the orders to the processing of those orders by keeping in mind, the requirements of the customers, a smooth flow of activities take place, hence take care of the products getting delivered in right time and place. Storing of pharmaceutical products is critical and they are done by checking all the specifications and through following the guidelines (Wang, 2012). Keeping the products in right form by complying with rules and regulations help to meet up the demands and earn the trust of the customers. This is where the Economic Order Quantity gets implemented. EOQ refers to the maximum amount of goods required to be purchased in an instance so as to minimize the total ordering costs or for holding products in stock on an annual basis. Abbott makes sure that their EOQ is up to the mark, so that they can meet up the demands every single time. AlinIQ Inventory Management System combines innovative RFID technology and streamline the process consulting, which allow the labs to stay ahead of operational needs, help prevent shortages of critical items, lead to reduction of waste and time consumed for manual processes. AlinIQ Always On services help deliver predictive alerts to laboratories, thereby help to enable, detect and prevent the downtime for instruments, upto three days in advance. The AlinIQ Analyzer Management System provides hospitals and labs across the country, the ability to integrate different systems of softwares into a single standardized system for optimizing the processing time for samples, bring forth efficiency in the work flow and hence produce quality results (Wisner, Tan Leon, 2014). Another effective tool is AlinIQ Business Intelligence System helps in providing the tools for optimizing throughout and increase the capacities of the existing systems, so as to help labs absorb volume increases without a dding to the budget. Finally, the Inventory Management System of AlinIQ with a combination of RFID technology and a process consulting, which is streamlined allows labs to stay ahead of their operational requirements, thus helping them to keep sufficient stock of critical items and ensure reduction of waste. Recommendations The above analysis has shown how logistics management integrate with the different functional areas such as marketing, production, finance and accounting. The importance of this concept, which is a part of supply chain management can be understood from the fact that, without the existence of logistics, the functional aspects would not be able to deliver as per the expectations. Logistics is an integral part through which the planning takes shape. The following are some of the recommendations based on the analysis : a) To further enhance the effectiveness of logistics, Abbott can use the theory of strategic networks for enabling purposeful arrangements on a long-term basis. b) The activities which have comparative advantage should be kept internally while activities related to logistics should be contracted out to efficient outfit so that goods get transported in due time to the concerned persons, with low cost. c) Abbott, who deals in manufacturing pharmaceutical products could look to increase their stock further, so that they can always meet up the demands of the customers and provide them the essentials in appropriate times. d) The company can look to cut down their cost of manufacturing, leading to lower down the transporation cost, which in turn would help in fulfilling the customers demands by charging minimal price from them. Conclusion The report concludes that for an organization to run their operations in an effective and smooth manner, keeping up all the activities related to marketing, production, finance and accounting, in tune with the logistics is a necessity. Delivering the goods in due time to the right kind of customers to fulfill the customers needs and wants is imperative for any business to flourish and be profitable all through. The importance for any company, dealing with logistics, lies in delivering the goods and services, in their appropriate form so that the demands of the customers are met. For a company like Abbott, who deals in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products, timely delivery of products is essential as people and hospitals require medicines for treatment purposes and even the slightest bit of delay can prove to be disastrous. References Agus, A., Shukri Hajinoor, M. (2012). Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance: Case study of manufacturing companies in Malaysia.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,29(1), 92-121. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K., van Wassenhove, L. N. (Eds.). (2013).Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains. Springer Science Business Media. Dyckhoff, H., Lackes, R., Reese, J. (Eds.). (2013).Supply chain management and reverse logistics. Springer Science Business Media. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Grant, D. B. (2012).Logistics management. Pearson Higher Ed. Gunasekaran, A., Spalanzani, A. (2012). Sustainability of manufacturing and services: Investigations for research and applications.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), 35-47. Nam, S. H., Kurata, H., Vitton, J., Park, J., Saen, R. F., Gershon, M., ... Mahalik, D. K. (2013). International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014).The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014).The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Schnsleben, P. (2016).Integral logistics management: operations and supply chain management within and across companies. CRC Press. Schnsleben, P. (2016).Integral logistics management: operations and supply chain management within and across companies. CRC Press. Seuring, S., Gold, S. (2013). Sustainability management beyond corporate boundaries: from stakeholders to performance.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, 1-6. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wang, J. (Ed.). (2012).Management innovations for intelligent supply chains. IGI Global. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014).Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

McDonalds stands for American cultural imperialism Essay Example

McDonalds stands for American cultural imperialism Paper Consideration of the facts, statistics and the phenomenal growth of McDonalds- with a product that is closely associated with American culture- makes McDonalds a form of representation of American cultural imperialism on rest of the world. The essay considers different perspectives about the issue; for example, McDonalds as a global organisation, its justification for the charges made by social activist and consumers perception of the company image. The essay also integrates the consideration of adverse influences of McDonalds on different culture or nations, the economic implication for countries or communities in which it operates and mixed reactions of consumers to the American cultural imperialism that is reflected through McDonalds. Due to the controversies and complex nature in constituent terms of the concept Cultural imperialism, most attempts to define it end up creating abstract complexities in the name of definition (Tomlinson, 1991; Barnett, 1997). However in order to understand American cultural imperialism through McDonalds it is important to define cultural imperialism. Schiller, (1976) defined cultural imperialism as Sum of the process by which a society is brought into a modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced and sometimes even bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating centre of the system. (Tomlinson,1991:9) . It is worth noting that in the context of cultural imperialism Watson, (1997) has taken culture to mean as popular music, television, film, video, pulp, fiction, comic, advertisement, fashion, home design, and mass produced food. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds stands for American cultural imperialism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds stands for American cultural imperialism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds stands for American cultural imperialism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer John Tomlinson, (1991) argues that the word imperialism has a connotation of some a form of domination linking it to empire, thats why cultural imperialism in third world points to the link between present cultural domination and colonial past. Said, 1997 has also emphasised the sense of domination that underlying the modernist production that is represented through global giants like McDonalds (Laura Chrisman, 2003). McDonalds is one of the crucial developments in America in twentieth-century that has influenced the world (Ritzer, 1996). In 1955 the first franchise of McDonalds was opened, by 1991 the number had reached to 12,000 outlets through out the world (Boje et al, 2006). Rigg (1994) states that McDonalds total sales in 1993 had reached 23. 6 billion, achieving the profit of 1. 1 billion. The total sale of the average US McDonalds outlet is 1. 6 million a year (cited in Ritzer, 1996). By the end of 2006 the company had 31,000 restaurants throughout the world that generated the revenue of $ 21. 6 Billion (McDonalds Annual Report, 2006). And today McDonalds Corporation is running restaurants even in places like Mecca in Saudi Arabia where a product that is associated with modernity and pop culture is difficult to imagine. The influence of McDonalds has reached far beyond confines of the United States and the fast food business (Schlosser, 2002). In a survey of school children it was found that 96% of the students could identify Ronald McDonalds in name recognition which is second to Santa Claus (Greenhouse, 1986). Because of its phenomenal success, there are restaurants throughout the world which copy McDonalds such as the fast food croissanteries in Paris, the chains of fast food restaurants like Nirulas that sells mutton burgers and the restaurants like Juicy Burger in Beirut (Ritzer, 1996). The influence of McDonalds on the way we live today is so deep rooted that the Golden Arches are universally more recognised than the Christian cross (Schlosser, 2001). On the opening of the McDonalds in Moscow a student was observed to exclaim that it was a real peace of America (Ritzer, 1996). McDonalds have a central place in popular culture (Fishwick, 1983). According to Smart (1999) brand names like McDonalds represents high profile symbols that are overloaded with variety of complex cultural association and their continual growing presence in almost all nations and its appeal serve as evidence of its deep-rooted existence, power and success of American commercial and cultural imperialism. Eric Schlosser (2002), observe that a generation ago American embassies and oil companies were the usual targets of overseas demonstration against American imperialism but these days fast food restaurants particularly McDonalds have assumed that symbolic role. Even the media portrays McDonalds as the American culture. For example, movies such as Coming to America, Falling Down, Moscow on the Hudson, Time after Time, Sleeper and Ten Men, have symbolised the American culture through McDonalds (Ritzer, 1996). Kellner (1999) points out the cultural dimension of the McDonalds corporation through advertising campaigns and promotional stunts, trying to create an experience of fun, of family togetherness, and of Americanisation associated with the McDonalds experience. Thus he argues that the one bite into a BigMc is actually consuming the sign values of good time, communal experience, consumer values, efficiency as well as the pleasure of the product. According to him McDonalds is not just selling the fast food, but a family adventure of eating out together, intergenerational bonding and a communal experience as repeated in their advertisements again and again. So the eating at McDonalds includes the consumption of sign values such as inexpensive food, a family outing, Americana or Modernity (Kellner, 1999,). It can be said that McDonalds is a combination of elements of globalisation and internationalisation (Vignali, 2001). According to Royle (2000) in order to succeed abroad McDonalds had to introduce a major cultural change so that their quick service food was uniquely American. Ritzer (1996) has based his theorisation of the phenomenon of McDonaldization on Webers concept of rationalisation that according to him is the domination of more and more sectors of American society and the rest of the world by the principals and key features of McDonalds fast food chain (Kellner, 1999). Retzer (1996) has explained that the principals of McDonaldization have restructured many diverse fields from the food, media, education, and even death. Kellner (1999) too agrees that the McDonalds fast food restaurants are sociological artefacts that can be analysed to generate more general and macro level of conceptualisation. According to Ritzer (1996) McDonaldisation influences not just the restaurant business but also education, health care, travel, leisure, dieting, politics, the family, and almost every other aspect of world society. He argues that McDonaldisation has proved to be an unstoppable process by dominating the seemingly unreceptive institutions and parts of the world. McDonaldization involves revolutionary set of business practices and a revolution in one very important cultural element that is the way people eat (Smart, 1999). In a similar way Pendergrast (1993), have used the term coca-colonization to suggest the continual American Cultural Imperialism. Katz (1994) has too referred Nike as dream machine that seeks to redefine culture through the power of sports . Barry Smart (1999) stresses the point that the expansion of the McDonalds Corporation through its franchised fast food outlets is the significant representation of American economic and Cultural imperialism. It should be noticed that there are various instances of resistance to McDonalds and its rationalisation of food production and consumption (Smart 1999). Ritzer (1998) has referred to the critical reactions in Jerusalem on opening of the New McDonalds by quoting the comment McDonalds is contaminating all of Israel and all of the Jewish people of a kosher restaurant inspector. Webster, (1993) too have referred to several comparable examples of community resistance to the McDonalds corporation in Paris and elsewhere in the France (cited in Ritzer 1998). Constantino, (1978) observes that global organisations like McDonalds are just economic bodies but their operations have direct effect on the culture of the developing countries and they target common masses of local societies in order to maximise their consumers. They try to cultivate a lifestyle that is inappropriate for developing nations by creating new needs, redirecting attitudes and by changing values. They try to induce western culture on segments of population who are most prone to absorb consumer values (Constantino, 1978). Finkelstein, (1999) agrees that McDonalds is an ambiguous product of modernity, because as an economic structure, it is well industrialised it makes the product efficient and profitable but at the social level it lends credence for the modern existence in an iron cage. According to Finkelstein, (1999) the snacks from McDonalds are a type of privatised and individualistic pattern of consumption that doesnt build bonds of belonging. The social harmony of eating in McDonalds is superficially short-lived. Global McDonanldisation produces international identities and images although it creates thin communities (Finkelstein, 1999). Munch (1999) argue that because of consumption of cultural products in a global cultural market common standards of life have vanished and according to him this is an irrational effect of rationalisation process that is turning the whole world into a market for professional organisations. Warde (1997) observes that many forces operate simultaneously to create collective orientation towards selecting food i. e. ocio-cultural forces, media representation of taste, and socio-demographics circumstances program people to similar consumption pattern. Klein, (2000) too believes that the attack from the global companies on the choices people make regarding consumption happens on different fronts for example locally, with few super brands that use their capital power to wipe away small and indepen dent businesses, and legally Consumer companies like McDonalds using Libel trademark suits to hound anyone who brings unwanted twist on a pop culture product (Klein, 2000). McDonalds have influenced the way of life of a significant portion of the world. Fast food that is provided in McDonalds is the form of American culture that the consumers globally literally consume. By copying American eating habits of fast foods (McDonalds), people from all over the world have started to look like obese fast food loving Americans (Schlosser, 2002). Kellner, (1999) takes the argument against McDonalds by stating that McDonalds encourage such a type of food that is closely associated with risk of cancer and heart disease but also actively promoting same culture where at presence of such diseases are not considered as a problem (McLibel Support Campaign, 1994). The growth of McDonald since 1997 in Japan has accelerated the shift in Japanese eating habits. The sale of fast food industry doubled in 1980 which resulted in the doubled rate of obesity in children in Japan (Schlosser, 2002). In a similar way eating large quantities of meat has substantial negative effect on health and McDonalds have sold more than 100 Billion hamburgers (Spencer et al, 2005). Eric Schlosser (2001) referred to a study conducted by Wootan et al in 2006, in which they observed that at McDonalds the nutrition information at point of decision making was often difficult to find or completely absent. Samuelson R. , J. , 1989, argues that there are people who refer McDonalds as a mixture of all that is Vulgar in American culture (cited in Ritzer, 1996). Emerald Group Publishing limited (2007) has published that even though McDonalds is trying to create the company image as an ethical company promoting diversity, concern for the planet and encouraging healthy lifestyle choices however the biggest argument against McDonalds is inherent in its global position that anti global activist see as the crux of the problem. However while taking side of cultural imperialism David Rothkopf, 1997 state that, the vanishing of cultural distinctions might be a sign of progress of civilisation and a tangible sign of enhanced communication and understanding. The famous McLibel case was followed closely by different social activist, however Campbell K. et al (2001) found that the McLibel case did not had a measurable negative impact on McDonalds. But still the critics of fast food and McDonalds in particular are diverse such as farmer, leftist, anarchist, nationalist, environmentalists, consumer advocates, health officials, labour unions and defenders of animal rights. The reason for their targeting the fast food restaurant chain of McDonalds is so ubiquitous, for that it threatens the fundamental aspects of national identity i. e. how, where and what people eat (Campbell et al, 2001). Accordingly Storey (1993), recommends that people, as active participant of local culture should be educated for selecting or rejecting new changes in culture, making meaning, attributing values to the developments in the culture etc. On the other side the growing Americanisation of the world is very oblivious and it is expressed through growing popularity of the movies, music videos, television shows, clothing and the Fast food restaurants like McDonalds from the United States (Schlosser, 2002). Higher income, busier lifestyle, the ease of availability storage, and greater variety in food choices have all resulted in repeat patronage to Fast food restaurants like McDonalds (Veeck et al, 2000). At the same time due to the transitional culture a large number of people are nowadays systematically and directly involved in more than one culture and this has certain amount of influence on the type of lifestyle that appeals to people (Hannerz, 1990). The study by Curtis et al (2007), found that presence of female gender, higher income levels, younger adults, the existence of children in the home and the positive opinion concerning the taste of the western food are the determining factors for the choices of type of food people make. According to Jones et al (2002), McDonalds provide consumers value for money-meals and also to some extent it is identified with an active commitment to community values and community activities. Curtis et al, (2007) observes that the increased consumption of western style convenience food in urban centres is likely the result of modernisation of the consumer preferences, where the consumption of imported foods, is viewed as a sign of modern living. He also argues that McDonalds provide a moderate cost solution for families looking for a modern dining experience, the new form of entertainment in china. In a study Watson (1997) found that there has been a change in the target audience of McDonalds. For example twenty years ago McDonalds catered to children of Hong Kongs wealthy elite however these elite have abandoned McDonalds and have moved to up Market to more expensive places. As a result McDonalds have turned to be a mainstay for working class people, who are attracted by its low cost, convenience, and predictability. However McDonalds annual report in 2006 has presented many facts about company which try to provide justification for its global position and also shed some light on the organisations involvement with local communities for their welfare through employment opportunities, Health education, safety trainings, educational scholarships, and environmental practices. It is worth noticing that McDonalds ( its owner) invest more than $1 Billion annually on employee training and development to create a platform for opportunities and growth for its employees (McDonalds Report, 2006). The company is proud to express the fact that 40% of its staff began their career at the restaurant (McDonalds Annual Report, 2005). McDonalds celebrate diversity in terms of employee backgrounds. 20% McDonalds employees are African and approximately 25% of all McDonalds owner/operator are minorities. McDonalds have secured number one position in Business Magazine for Hispanic, 2005 for its efforts to champion diversity in every aspect of the business. The company is also deeply involved and concerned for the communities in which it operates. For example Taiwan hygiene programme that teaches hand washing skills to children, New Zealand seat belt safety programme, US sue the dinosaur programme, Netherland Ronald sports programme, Russia fire prevention programme, Australia cancer education, McDonalds education Scholarship for children. In the past McDonalds have received more than 60 awards for corporate responsibility and environmental leadership that includes place among 50 best employers in 2006 Canada, best employer of the year in Brazil 2005, Latin America one of the best place to work 2005, Environmental leadership award (2001), corporate conservation leadership award, animal welfare award, toy safety award. According to Adams (2006), who is one of executive officer at McDonalds McDonalds make deliberate choices concerning our food quality, available menu, choices, visibility of nutrition information, and educational message on energy balance and claim that these efforts demonstrate their commitment to the consumers health and wellbeing. McDonalds offers efficiency for consumers which means it is a best available way to get from being hungry to being full (Adams, 2006). It also offers the calculability in terms of portion size, cost and time required to get the product. One can predict the quality and service of the product over the time in all locations (Ritzer, 1996). As a way to avoid the fear of American imperialism, McDonalds tries to purchase as much food as possible from the countries where it operates (Schlosser, 2002). Silverstone (1995) in his paper has cited the criticism made by Lyon, Taylor, and Smith, about George Ritzers belief that the impact of McDonalds on society is essentially bad and they see such a perspective as a biased. They argue that McDonalds is serving a useful role on the high street and it can be seen as slick satisfaction of consumers needs. Silverstone, (1995) has also referred to the McDonalds reaction to the charge of providing unhealthy food that their product form part of an overall balanced diet (McDonalds Food: The Fact, 1994). It should not be ignored that McDonalds places the nutrition information in easy to read graphic format on the packaging for the consumers to understand their dietary requirements (McDonalds Annual Report, 2006). Since the underlying values of the target audience have changed, McDonalds could not solely rely on convenience and product consistency as a unique selling point (Schroder et al, 2005). Watson, 1997 too agrees that in post modern upbringing the boundaries of the status, style, and taste dissolve almost as fast as they are formed. What is in today is out tomorrow as a result McDonalds is giving strong corporate emphasis on consumer health, quality and socially responsible initiatives must be taken (Schroder et al, 2005). According to study carried out by Emerald Group Publishing limited (2007), McDonalds have made significant changes in its product line to reflect todays healthy eating concerns and the more sophisticated taste of twenty first century consumers. In conclusion, due to its phenomenal growth, McDonalds does represent American cultural imperialism. The domination of American culture in the rest of the world has helped McDonalds Corporation in its tremendous growth and consequently McDonalds has strengthened the power of American culture in the world. It shows that the relationship between American cultural domination and the growth of McDonalds is positive. However from the companys point of view, McDonalds offers the world the service that satisfies the consumers needs with due consideration to ethical issues. And for consumers it is an affordable and convenient way of experiencing the modern living. However anti-globalisation activists resist McDonalds for the adverse effects it has on native cultures and argue that the culture represented by McDonalds is inappropriate for the common masses. After considering different perspectives it can be concluded that McDonalds does represent American cultural imperialism but it can not essentially be seen as bad or good for the nations of the world. However, consideration should be given to the importance of native culture, the role it plays in peoples life and the effect of American culture on developing countries where such American influence is not suitable.